Monitoring performance
index of CPU, memory, and input output modules
In Dell’s 14th generation Dell PowerEdge
servers, Intel ME supports Compute Usage Per Second (CUPS) functionality.
The CUPS functionality provides real-time monitoring of CPU, memory,
and I/O utilization and system-level utilization index for the system.
Intel ME allows out-of-band (OOB) performance monitoring and does
not consume CPU resources. The Intel ME has a system CUPS sensor that
provides computation, memory, and I/O resource utilization values
as a CUPS Index. iDRAC monitors this CUPS index for the overall system
utilization and also monitors the instantaneous utilization index
of the CPU, Memory, and I/O.
NOTE: This feature
is not supported on PowerEdge R930 servers.
The CPU and chipset have dedicated Resource monitoring
Counters (RMC). The data from these RMCs is queried to obtain utilization
information of system resources. The data from RMCs is aggregated
by the node manager to measure the cumulative utilization of each
of these system resources that is read from iDRAC using existing intercommunication
mechanisms to provide data through out-of-band management interfaces.
The Intel sensor representation of performance parameters
and index values is for complete physical system. Therefore, the performance
data representation on the interfaces is for the complete physical
system, even if the system is virtualized and has multiple virtual
hosts.
To display the performance parameters, the supported
sensors must be present in the server.
The four system utilization parameters are:
CPU Utilization — Data from RMCs for each CPU core is aggregated to provide cumulative
utilization of all the cores in the system. This utilization is based
on time spent in active and inactive states. A sample of RMC is taken
every six seconds.
Memory Utilization — RMCs measure memory traffic occurring at each memory channel or
memory controller instance. Data from these RMCs is aggregated to
measure the cumulative memory traffic across all the memory channels
on the system. This is a measure of memory bandwidth consumption and
not amount of memory utilization. iDRAC aggregates it for one minute,
so it may or may not match the memory utilization that other OS tools,
such as top in Linux, show. Memory bandwidth utilization that
the iDRAC shows is an indication of whether workload is memory intensive
or not.
I/O Utilization — There is one RMC per root port in the PCI Express Root Complex
to measure PCI Express traffic emanating from or directed to that
root port and the lower segment. Data from these RMCs is aggregated
for measuring PCI express traffic for all PCI Express segments emanating
from the package. This is measure of I/O bandwidth utilization for
the system.
System Level CUPS
Index — The CUPS index is calculated by aggregating CPU, Memory,
and I/O index considering a predefined load factor of each system
resource. The load factor depends on the nature of the workload on
the system. CUPS Index represents the measurement of the compute headroom
available on the server. If the system has a large CUPS Index, then
there is limited headroom to place more workload on that system. As
the resource consumption decreases, the system’s CUPS index decreases.
A low CUPS index indicates that there is a large compute headroom
and the server can receive new workloads and the server is in a lower
power state to reduce power consumption. Workload monitoring can then
be applied throughout the data center to provide a high-level and
holistic view of the data center’s workload, providing a dynamic data
center solution.
NOTE: The CPU, memory,
and I/O utilization indexes are aggregated over one minute. Therefore,
if there are any instantaneous spikes in these indexes, they may be
suppressed. They are indication of workload patterns not the amount
of resource utilization.
The IPMI, SEL, and SNMP traps are generated if the
thresholds of the utilization indexes are reached and the sensor events
are enabled. The sensor event flags are disabled by default. It can
be enabled using the standard IPMI interface.
The required privileges are:
Login privilege is required
to monitor performance data.
Configure privilege is
required for setting warning thresholds and reset historical peaks.
Login privilege and Enterprise
license are required to read historical statics data.
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